President Hugo Chávez is a little concerned that Londoners might have difficulty paying for public transport. This week his government signed an agreement to subsidise the fuel bill for London’s buses. Venezuela will transfer up to $32m a year to fund bus journeys for the cities' poor.
Ken Livingstone, London's mayor and well known looney left wing socialist, said the 20 per cent discount would fund half-price rates on buses or trams for 250,000 Londoners who receive welfare payments.
In return, London will send over its transport chief, Peter Hendy, to set up an office in Caracas, where British officials will impart to the Venezuelan capital London’s expertise in traffic management and urban planning. It is not clear exactly what Caracus can learn from London when it comes to transport. London has one of the most expensive and congested transportation systems in the world.
This deal was never about serving the interests of the citizens of these two cities. Rather, it is about promoting the the public relations interests of Chavez. The London mayor also agreed to act as the UK mouthpiece for the Venezuelan dictator. The mayor of London’s office had pledged to “actively and efficiently promote Venezuela’s image in the UK”.
In effect, London, which is the wealthiest region in Europe, is now receiving foreign assistance from a developing nation.
Here is an excellent article from the UK Daily Telegraph on the Yen carry trade. This article scared the crap out of me, since I had no idea that such a huge problem had developed. Read on and be afraid, be very afraid......
"Say the words "yen carry-trade" to someone at random and they will probably ask you to repeat yourself, before admitting they don't know what you're talking about.
Utter the same phrase to a central banker or a currency dealer, though, and you could unleash a torrent of opinion, soul-searching or even anguish.
The yen carry-trade is one of the hottest topics in global finance. The implications of it could be disastrous. Or they could be benign. But whoever you are and whatever you are invested in, you should be closely tracking the yen carry-trade.
The story starts in Japan, where interest rates are incredibly low. For the past six months, Japanese borrowing costs have been at 0.25 per cent. Sophisticated global traders exploit this by taking out cheap loans in yen, then converting that money into, say, dollars and investing it in American assets.
With US interest rates at 5.25 per cent, a full 5 percentage points higher than in Japan, the profit-making potential of "carrying" credit between the yen and the dollar in this way is enormous. Likewise, there are huge gains to be made by switching borrowed yen into sterling, euro and a host of other relatively high-yielding currencies.
Recent months have seen a frenzy of such carry-trading. No one knows the true scale of the flows - most of the deals are done by private hedge funds on unregulated markets - but the world has been flooded with cheap yen.
With its ultra-low interest rates, Japan has become a massive "easy-money" machine for the rest of the planet. The resulting liquidity boost has flattered asset prices everywhere, pushing major stock markets to multi-year highs while fuelling booms in housing and commodities too.
So what's the problem? Well, the scale of the carry-trade is now so big, and there are so many borrowed yen around, that Japan's currency last week plunged to a 21-year low on a trade-weighted basis.
That matters. Japan is a major global exporter. The rock-bottom yen is now causing headaches elsewhere, with Western manufacturers furious that it gives their Japanese competitors an unfair advantage.
But that's just the start of it. The real, systemic danger is that if - when - the yen starts rising, the carry-trades could suddenly "unwind", triggering financial shockwaves across the globe.
That's because many people agree with Western manufacturers that the yen is too low. Japan is, after all, in the midst of a prolonged recovery - figures out last week put annual growth at a chunky 4.8 per cent.
So, given that the yen is being artificially suppressed by all this carry-trading, the currency could well spring back. If that happened, all those investors holding yen-denominated debt would instantly owe more. At the same time, the investments they have made, having borrowed those yen, would be worth less.
In other words, if there is any sense the yen is about to rise quite sharply, for whatever reason, the carry-trades could be dumped - making that appreciation not only a self-fulfilling prophecy but also far bigger than it should be.
The tens of billions of pounds of global investments made off the back of carry-trading - investments that are supporting asset prices in every-thing from the FTSE100 to antiques and fine wine - would then suddenly look very grim.
If that sounds far-fetched, the last time yen carry-trades built up was in 1997 and 1998. Back then, a seemingly innocuous event - a minor Russian debt default - caused global investors suddenly to re--examine their appetite for risk.
As a result, the yen rallied by almost 30 per cent in just a few weeks as the carry-trades unwound. That caused the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management, a US hedge fund, ultimately leading to a rather serious global slowdown.
The parallels with today are ominous - except this time the hedge funds are more numerous, the carry-trades are worth more, the global liquidity bubble is bigger and investors are now leveraged on a much, much scarier scale.
And when you think about the extent to which even mainstream investors - not to mention pension schemes - have bought into hedge funds, it becomes clear why the yen carry-trade needs to be defused in an orderly fashion.
All this puts policymakers between a rock and a hard place - as shown by last weekend's meeting of the G7 finance ministers. The world wants a stronger yen, to reduce Japan's advantage. That led to calls for direct G7 intervention - the buying-up of yen to support the currency artificially - and/or for the Bank of Japan to increase interest rates when it meets on Wednesday.
But if either move causes the yen to rise sharply, that could, given the extent of the carry-trades outstanding, spark a wave of global risk aversion and a major financial shock.
Little wonder, then, that the G7 fudged. Finance ministers merely hinted the yen was not a "one-way bet" - amounting to a veiled threat to intervene.
The markets reacted defiantly, driving the yen lower still. Traders were convinced, probably rightly, that the G7 hadn't got the guts to bolster the yen. The carry-trades mean Western leaders are petrified of lighting a fuse that causes a financial explosion.
And yet, the lower the yen goes, the greater the potential of "financial whiplash" when the currency eventually changes course.
If the Bank of Japan does raise rates on Wednesday, it could cause the carry-traders to trim their sails and slow down gradually. Or it could cause them to panic. No one knows.
And that's why yen carry-trade" is so much more than a piece of inane financial jargon. It is a reminder of the often-forgotten lessons of recent financial history."
"Say the words "yen carry-trade" to someone at random and they will probably ask you to repeat yourself, before admitting they don't know what you're talking about.
Utter the same phrase to a central banker or a currency dealer, though, and you could unleash a torrent of opinion, soul-searching or even anguish.
The yen carry-trade is one of the hottest topics in global finance. The implications of it could be disastrous. Or they could be benign. But whoever you are and whatever you are invested in, you should be closely tracking the yen carry-trade.
The story starts in Japan, where interest rates are incredibly low. For the past six months, Japanese borrowing costs have been at 0.25 per cent. Sophisticated global traders exploit this by taking out cheap loans in yen, then converting that money into, say, dollars and investing it in American assets.
With US interest rates at 5.25 per cent, a full 5 percentage points higher than in Japan, the profit-making potential of "carrying" credit between the yen and the dollar in this way is enormous. Likewise, there are huge gains to be made by switching borrowed yen into sterling, euro and a host of other relatively high-yielding currencies.
Recent months have seen a frenzy of such carry-trading. No one knows the true scale of the flows - most of the deals are done by private hedge funds on unregulated markets - but the world has been flooded with cheap yen.
With its ultra-low interest rates, Japan has become a massive "easy-money" machine for the rest of the planet. The resulting liquidity boost has flattered asset prices everywhere, pushing major stock markets to multi-year highs while fuelling booms in housing and commodities too.
So what's the problem? Well, the scale of the carry-trade is now so big, and there are so many borrowed yen around, that Japan's currency last week plunged to a 21-year low on a trade-weighted basis.
That matters. Japan is a major global exporter. The rock-bottom yen is now causing headaches elsewhere, with Western manufacturers furious that it gives their Japanese competitors an unfair advantage.
But that's just the start of it. The real, systemic danger is that if - when - the yen starts rising, the carry-trades could suddenly "unwind", triggering financial shockwaves across the globe.
That's because many people agree with Western manufacturers that the yen is too low. Japan is, after all, in the midst of a prolonged recovery - figures out last week put annual growth at a chunky 4.8 per cent.
So, given that the yen is being artificially suppressed by all this carry-trading, the currency could well spring back. If that happened, all those investors holding yen-denominated debt would instantly owe more. At the same time, the investments they have made, having borrowed those yen, would be worth less.
In other words, if there is any sense the yen is about to rise quite sharply, for whatever reason, the carry-trades could be dumped - making that appreciation not only a self-fulfilling prophecy but also far bigger than it should be.
The tens of billions of pounds of global investments made off the back of carry-trading - investments that are supporting asset prices in every-thing from the FTSE100 to antiques and fine wine - would then suddenly look very grim.
If that sounds far-fetched, the last time yen carry-trades built up was in 1997 and 1998. Back then, a seemingly innocuous event - a minor Russian debt default - caused global investors suddenly to re--examine their appetite for risk.
As a result, the yen rallied by almost 30 per cent in just a few weeks as the carry-trades unwound. That caused the collapse of Long-Term Capital Management, a US hedge fund, ultimately leading to a rather serious global slowdown.
The parallels with today are ominous - except this time the hedge funds are more numerous, the carry-trades are worth more, the global liquidity bubble is bigger and investors are now leveraged on a much, much scarier scale.
And when you think about the extent to which even mainstream investors - not to mention pension schemes - have bought into hedge funds, it becomes clear why the yen carry-trade needs to be defused in an orderly fashion.
All this puts policymakers between a rock and a hard place - as shown by last weekend's meeting of the G7 finance ministers. The world wants a stronger yen, to reduce Japan's advantage. That led to calls for direct G7 intervention - the buying-up of yen to support the currency artificially - and/or for the Bank of Japan to increase interest rates when it meets on Wednesday.
But if either move causes the yen to rise sharply, that could, given the extent of the carry-trades outstanding, spark a wave of global risk aversion and a major financial shock.
Little wonder, then, that the G7 fudged. Finance ministers merely hinted the yen was not a "one-way bet" - amounting to a veiled threat to intervene.
The markets reacted defiantly, driving the yen lower still. Traders were convinced, probably rightly, that the G7 hadn't got the guts to bolster the yen. The carry-trades mean Western leaders are petrified of lighting a fuse that causes a financial explosion.
And yet, the lower the yen goes, the greater the potential of "financial whiplash" when the currency eventually changes course.
If the Bank of Japan does raise rates on Wednesday, it could cause the carry-traders to trim their sails and slow down gradually. Or it could cause them to panic. No one knows.
And that's why yen carry-trade" is so much more than a piece of inane financial jargon. It is a reminder of the often-forgotten lessons of recent financial history."
Think back to August 2005. The housing market was soaring. Anyone with an interest-only loan application could make $100,000 flipping condos in Florida. In Phoenix, homes were instant cash generation machines. An investor could buy a pre-construction house with a small deposit, and six months later, could multiply his investment three fold. Washington DC offered the opportunity to convert crack houses into single family homes. HELOCs released all that stored up housing equity into new cars, loft conversions and holidays.
Realtors were the aristocracy, crowned by a booming housing market. A real estate licence was a mandate to generate wealth. Find a listing on Thursday; price it at $500,000 on Friday; hold an open house on Saturday; rest on Sunday; close the deal on Monday; cash the $30,000 cheque on Tuesday, and check the messages in the office on Wednesday. Then start again on Thursday.
Today, the housing boom seems like a distant memory. A gilded time, marked out by prosperity, easy living, and hope. Today, the housing market is in deep and irredeemable crisis. Sales volumes are down; prices are crashing, while inventory is at record highs. There is no end in sight. Looking for the botton in this market is like searching for a floor in the eternal abyss.
Where did it all go wrong? What happened? How can we get back those glorious days of the summer 2005? Who is to blame. Some say that it was rising interest rates that killed the market. Once the rates started to rise, housing affordability deteroriated. Buyers began to desert the market, leaving sellers with unsold inventory. So if rising rates could destroy the market, then perhaps falling rates will restore it.
However, this view does not stand up to serious scrutiny. Rates haven't risen by much. They remain significantly below long run historical averages. No, lower interest rates can not resurrect this much loved and dearly departed housing boom.
So why did the bubble disappear? Where did it go? The answer is straightfoward enough. The buble was crushed by rising indebtedness and revised expectations. Home owners were happy enough to take on more debt while they thought that their houses were generating all that additional unearned wealth. However, as houses increased in value, wages didn't keep up. Home buyers could justify paying for hugely inflated houses so long as they expected that house prices kept going up.
The market was driven by a tautology; prices would keep going up as long as they kept going up. Buyers would buy, and sellers would sell. However, a circular argument typically spins out of control. Participants become dizzy and confused. Feeling nausous, buyers began to get out, regain their composure and realize that the realtors were babbling nonsense.
No, house prices don't go up for ever. Rather, they are tied to people's income and interest rates.Rationality, just like irrationality, can be contagious. Cold hard calculations replaced misplaced optimism. As the buyers departed, the sales volumes declined and inventory rose. Prices are now coming down, slowly but inevitably.
For the realtors, prices are, for the most part, a marginal consideration. It is volumes that matter. For the realtor, a five percent fall in prices, brings no comfort, when sales are declining 30 percent. Realtors are just the first to understand the meaning of a blue cold frozen housing market. Construction workers will follow them, then bankers, and after that, who knows? Real estate crashes have a nasty habit of breaking into the financial sector. Just remember the S&L crisis.The housing boom has gone; after the laughter comes the tears. Crushed expectations, debilitating debt burdens and unemployment; this is the new America.
When will it end? The boom lasted around 14 years, it will take at least as long for it to unwind.
• Nearly 1.2 million foreclosure filings were reported last year, a 42% rise from 2005. That is a rate of one in every 92 U.S. households.
• About 80% of subprime mortgages today are adjustable-rate mortgages, or ARMs, that have been nicknamed "exploding ARMs" because they have low fixed-interest payments in their first few years but then usually adjust to higher interest payments.
• Creative new subprime loans -- "piggyback," "interest-only," and "no-doc" loans, among others -- accounted for 47% of total loans issued last year. At the start of the decade, they were less than 2% of total mortgage loans.
• Borrowers have never been more leveraged. Loan-to-value ratios, the loan amount expressed as a percent of the property value, have grown to 86.5% last year from 78% in 2000."
"The gross national product includes air pollution and advertizing for cigarettes and ambulances to clear the highways of carnage. It counts special locks for our doors and jails for the people who break them. GNP includes the destruction of the redwoods and the death of Lake Superior. It grows with the production of napalm and missiles and nuclear warheads.
It doesn't allow for healthy families, the quality of their education or the joy of their play. It is indifferent to the decency of our factories and the safety of our streets alike. It does not include the beauty of our poetry, or the strength of are marriages, or the intelligence of our public debate, or the integrity of our public officials.
It measures everything, in short, expect that which makes life worthwhile."
Robert Kennedy
Sit back, relax and think about where you would like to be when you are sixty five. Spend five long minutes pondering the joy of retirement. Joy? Wake up. There is nothing joyful about growing old. It is hard, often lonely and painful.
Old people have only one reliable friend - money. The more you have, the easier life will be. So, now ask yourself this much more important question - how much wealth will you have accumulated for retirement?
Oh, so you are depending on the capital gains from your house. Think that one through for a moment. Lots of other people are doing the same thing. So when you are trying to cash in those sweet capital gains, many people will be dumping their house onto the market. Housing is a very unlikely retirement fund. Besides, you will have to live somewhere. Moreover, moving house as an elderly person sounds way too stressful.
Are you saving? No? So how are you going to live once you stop working? Social security, you say. Again, far too many people are depending on that clapped out retirement plan. Social security is going broke; everyone knows this and so do you. In ten years time, it will be gone.
So what is the answer? The 20-60-20 rule. It is very simple; you should be spending no more than 20 percent of your income on housing costs, 60 percent should be used for current non-housing expenditure, and 20 percent should be saved. And no, that 20 percent is not your estimate of the capital gain on your house. It is net income, put aside every month and placed into a savings account.
If you save for long enough, you might, just might have enough put away to make the grim reality of old age a litte more palatable.
Remember - 20-60-20.
Mortgage lenders dropped 6,500 full-time employees from their payrolls in December. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that employment in the mortgage banking and broker sector declined from 501,200 in November to 494,700 in December. The sharp decline in employment was due to a the slowing real estate market. Home sales were down 10 percent last year.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics can be found online at http://stats.bls.gov
It has been a while since a bank failed in the US. However, the first one in three years went under last week. The FDIC came in and organised the take-over of Metropolitan Savings Bank, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, by Allegheny Valley Bank of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The grim details can be found on the FDIC website.
Personally, I always liked the Grinch.
On Thursday, the Commerce Department published the grim reality. People are sustaining their unwarranted lifestyles by eating into their wealth. In 2006, the savings rate was minus 1 percent. Moreover, the dismal 2006 savings rate exceeded the negative savings rate recorded in 2005, when people spent 0.4 percent more than they earned. Statisticians have to go back to 1933 to find a lower savings rate. The savings rate has been negative for an entire year only four times in history -- in 2005 and 2006 and in 1933 and 1932. Now, does that sound like something that can continue indefinitely?
So what is going on? Presumably people understand that their income is lower than their expenditures. This kind of thing shows up pretty darn quickly on your bank account or credit card bill. And for those who are perhaps a little confused about how this works, you should be looking for two things. First, if you bank balance is lower this month than last month, this means that your savings rate has turned negative. Second, if your credit card debt is continually piling up, then you are running down your wealth.
Roll this film forward, and what are we looking at? A generation of poor old people, without savings, living on the generosity of their children.
Hey! You've won a ride back to the top
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